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Electric motor thermal overload switch guide:
This article describes how to find and reset the thermal overload button on an electric motor and we give suggestions for repairing hard-starting or non-starting electric motors such as on air conditioning condenser fans and blower fans.
We describe where to find reset switch on most electric motors.
We explain about automatic thermal overload switches on motors - switches that reset themselves when the motor cools down. And we describe what can go wrong with automatic thermal overload switches on electric motors. We include tips for diagnosing electric motors that keep having thermal overload symptoms.
We also provide a MASTER INDEX to this topic, or you can try the page top or bottom SEARCH BOX as a quick way to find information you need.
How to Find and Reset a Heating System or Air Conditioning Electric Motor
How to find and reset the thermal overload switch found on many electric motors. Electric motor troubleshooting guide for electric motors that overheat.
Some Electric Motors Include an Automatic Thermal Reset Switch: how to reset the motor switch on water pumps and well pumps - cool-down period.
Article Contents:
- RESET BUTTON, ELECTRIC MOTOR
Electric motor overload reset buttons - how to find and reset motor overload switches
An electric motor used in lots of equipment may include overload reset button on the motor body. If the motor is overloaded or if it overheats, this button will pop 'out' indicating that an internal electric safety device has tripped,shutting the motor off.
Once the motor has cooled sufficiently it can be re-started, usually by pushing the popped-out reset switch back down.
If the motor turns off again on re-set you should not keep running it as it may be damaged and the system may be unsafe.
The page top photo was taken of of an oil burner electric motor not an air conditioning blower fan motor or pump motor, but you'll see that all of these electric motors look a lot alike. Sometimes the reset button on an electric motor is hard to find, and sometimes there is no reset button!. But thisphoto shows the red reset button most clearly.
Tips for Finding the Motor Reset Button
Find the electric motor that operates the device that has been shut down. For example on a warm air heating system or central air conditioning system look in the air handler/blower compartment.
On the blower motor itself, look for a red or yellowbutton which is normally flat with the motor surface but which will pop up to show that the motor has been shut off by its internal overload protectioncircuit.
If the installerrotated the motor so that the button is facing away from you and impossible to see, feel around on the bottom and back side of the motor forthe button's presence. Especially if the motor's internal protection has tripped, it should be easy to feel the button since it'll be stickingup about 1/2'.
When and How to Reset the Electric Motor on a Heating Blower, Air Conditioner Blower, or Water Pump
When the air conditioner fan or blower motor has cooled sufficiently this button can usually be simply pressed back down to 'reset' the switch. If the motor overloadswitch won't reset (stay depressed) either the motor is still too hot (wait) or there is another failure that needs diagnosis.
Sometimes the reset button is present but hard to find, depending on the position in which the motor was bolted in place.
What the Reset Button Looks Like When it has Not Tripped
You can see that in this picture the button is flush with the motor surface. Sometimes thesebuttons are hard to find but they are usually present on heating and air conditioning system electric motors for fans and blowers.
Electric Motors Using an Automatic Thermal Reset Switch - no reset button found
While manual-reset thermal-overload switches are most common on heating systems such as oil burners and some fan motors, air conditioner electric motors and compressor motors and submersible well pump motors are an example of motor designs that may be use a thermal overload switch that resets itself automatically when the motor has overheated.
Electric Motor Thermal Overload Switch Trip Temperatures | ||
Class A electric motor | 140oC / 284oF | |
Class B electric motor | 165oC / 329oF |
Notes to the table above
The reset temperature is not precisely specified but the automatic thermal overload switch will reset after the motor cools down. [1]
If a well pump motor is overheating for any reason (low voltage, bad start/run capacitor, damaged motor, damaged pump impeller parts, loss of water in the well, pump running dry) it may be a model that will turn itself off when too hot. A thermal sensor inside the pump motor housing handles this job.
With the motor off for a cool-down period, the thermal sensor automatically resets and the pump will run again. Typically the 'off' time is 15-20 minutes. If the pump on-off activity is erratic or very long, it could be that the problem is a bad thermal sensor switch.
Note that other electric motors may have a thermal reset switch that is mechanical and 'pops out' to show a red 'reset button' that must be pushed back in manually. If the motor is still too hot, pushing the button won't work - the button won't stay in.
Note that other electric motors may have a thermal reset switch that is mechanical and 'pops out' to show a red 'reset button' that must be pushed back in manually. If the motor is still too hot, pushing the button won't work - the button won't stay in.
Electric Motor Reset Switch Troubleshooting Guide
This first table is for electric motors use in air conditioners, air handlers, blower units, oil burners on boilers, steam boilers, water heaters etc. - HVAC equipment in general. A second section of defects (below) addresses oil burner motors.
Table of Causes of Electric Motor Thermal Overload Switch-OffThings to Check if an Electric Motor Starts but Overheats and Trips its Reset Button | ||
Bad line voltage | Use a VOM to check the voltage level at the pressure control switch | If voltage is too low, check voltage at the electrical panel and check that the proper size wiring was used for the ampacity and length of run and that there are no partial shorts or damaged wires or connectors |
Incorrect motor wiring | Check the actual electrical wiring against the motor wiring diagram or the installation manual for the equipment | Reconnect wiring properly |
Motor is too hot due to surroundings - inadequate ventilation | Check the air temperature where the motor is located. If the air temperature is over 100 degF, the pump may be too hot and its thermal overload switch tripping because of the environment, not a pump problem. | Install adequate ventilation, or if needed, shading, or relocate the motor/equipment to a cool location |
Motor subjected to repeated overloading, overheating | A motor subjected to overloading due to very long duty on-cycles may run hot and trip the thermal overload protection device. Eventually the thermal overload switch may itself fail and the motor will no longer restart nor can you reset the thermal overload switch. | Check the recommended duty cycle and loading on your motor; check also for abnormally low voltage levels in the electrical supply. If necessary, replace the motor with a heavier-duty unit. |
Motor for a water pump operates too long at low water pressure | If the well recovery rate is too poor and the pump is operating at low water pressure, possibly because a tailpiece is installed to prevent air injection and pump burnup, the pump may be overheating. | Install a valve on the water discharge line and reduce water flow to increase water pressure inside the pump itself. See WATER PRESSURE PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS TABLE and see |
Notes to the table above
Adapted from various sources including Betta-Flo Jet Pump Installation Manual from the National Pump Co. and Adapted & expanded from Beckett (1989)[1]
Table of Causes of Oil Burner Thermal Overload Switch-Off | ||
Bad oil pump (fuel unit) | Oil pump has seized or is binding, overloading the electric motor | Disconnect the coupling between fuel unit and electric motor and manually turn each shaft to inspect for binding or seizure. Replace a bad fuel unit. |
Misaligned components | Connections between the electric motor drive shaft, coupling, and driven parts are loose or improperly mounted | Check for misalignment due to loose mounting bolts of motor, blower, fuel unit; check for improper seating of the motor against the oil burner housing such that the motor is askew. Re-mount. |
Bad electric motor start switch | The electric motor will overheat if the start-switch does not disconnect at the proper or 'throwout' rpm. | See Electric motor start switch operation |
Jammed blower wheel | If the oil burner air blower wheel has jammed, possibly due to debris, mechanical damage, obstruction, the motor may spin the coupling or may not rotate at all, overheating & shutting down | Inspect the blower assembly for obstruction, free spinning, and repair |
Undersized electric motor | Load requirements exceed the motor horsepower Hp nameplate ratings. [Unlikely on factory-assembled heating or air conditioning system but possible if someone performing a repair substituted a lower Hp motor]. | Using an Amp probe ammeter check the current draw of the motor against its nameplate rating. If the actual current draw when the motor is running exceeds the rated run-amps by more than 10% and if there is no binding or misalignment in the system we suspect that the motor is under-sized. See TEST EQUIPMENT, ELECTRICAL GUIDE - separate article |
Bad coupling | Jammed or defective coupling between motor and driven components; improper belt tensioning on belt-driven components | Usually a bad coupling inside the oil burner will fail by becoming loose and just spinning, so the motor runs but the driven components do not spin or spin at a too-low speed. But a bent, damaged, or jammed coupling might overheat a motor - OPINION - Ed. |
Electric Motor Lubrication Failure | If the electric motor is a model that requires periodic lubrication and is not properly maintained its drive shaft or bearings may run dry, causing binding and overheating. | Inspect the motor to determine if it is a model that requires lubrication. Check its maintenance history; check for shaft binding; lubricate the motor if appropriate; check motor drive shaft and bearings for excessive side play, wear, or looseness. Watch out: do not try to lubricate an electric motor that does not have lubrication fittings. Details are at ELECTRIC MOTOR LUBRICATION SPECIFICATIONS |
Notes to the table above
Adapted & expanded from Beckett (1989)[1]
For complete electric motor diagnostic procedures
see ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE - separate article
General advice: Electrical Tests to Check HVAC Blower Fan Motor or Outdoor Compressor Fan Motor Winding on Heating or Cooling Equipment or on Other Electrical Motors
If your electric motor won't start, vibrates or is noisy, see our diagnostic guide to problems with electric motors
at ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE.
Air conditioning & Heat Pump Compressors & Other Motors
See
Heating system reset switches: If you are looking for the main oil burner reset buttonOn heating equipment you'll want to see:
- Aquastat Functions and Cad Cell Relay Switch Flame Sensors (hot water boilers and some water heaters),
- STACK RELAY SWITCH On older oil fired boilers and furnaces,
- FLUE GAS SPILL SWITCH TRIPPING & RESET (gas fired equipment), and
- LOW WATER CUTOFF CONTROLS On steam heating systems.
Controls on well pumps and water supply equipment that may require reset or repair are discussed at
- CONTROLS & SWITCHES on WATER TANKS.
And see CAPACITORS for HARD STARTING MOTORS for advice on adding or replacing a start/run capacitor for an electric motor that has trouble starting.
See USING DMMs VOMs SAFELY. Example: testing a blower fan motor winding: referring to the electrical diagram for your equipment, unplug electrical connectors at the fan motor. Measure the resistance between each lead wire with a multimeter or VOM. The multimeter should be set in the X1 range. For accuracy, don't measure when the fan motor is hot, allow it to cool off.
When the resistance between each lead wire are those listed in the specifications for your equipment the fan motor should be normal. Zero resistance or infinite resistance are indicators of a problem.
Thermal Overload Switch Replacement
Question: how do I bypass or replace the OL switch on this Marathon electric motor?
2018/06/25 hbirdkeeper said:
The thermal overload button is not good on my order marathon motor can someone please walk me through how to wire it in bypass it or what I could use as a substitute because the parts place said I’ll be 10 weeks to order.
This is the photo of the info on this is the photo of the info on the motor
I am a girl and don’t know the technical terms but I’m not afraid to try and fix
[Click to enlarge any image]
Photo from reader: data tag on a 1 1/2hp Marathon general purpose electric motor capable of 115 / 208-250VAC operation
Reply: steps in replacing a thermal overload switch in a small electric motor
Bird
Small electric motor thermal overload reset switch bypass, external switch or replacement
First off is to avoid getting shocked or killed, so never work on equipment with power-on.
At this website you can see DMMs VOMs SAFE USE OF inspectapedia.com/electric/DMM_VOM_Safety.php
Keep in mind that when you’re not trained you don’t even know what you don’t know. A mistake can be fatal.
Second is to avoid starting a fire by mis-wiring or by installing improper parts that don’t provide the overheat and over-current protection that your motor manufacturer (Marathon) decided this motor requires for safe operation.
The therma/loverload switch on an electric motor is protecting against fire and shock, and protects both the motor and the circuit wiring from damage. It’s an important safety device as I will elaborate.
On 2018-06-27 by Bird
My birds ate the thermal overload switch that’s why I had to get a new one the search protector is what is tripping not to switch
I was able to order another thermal overload switch and I paid a lot of money to have it overnighted but it keeps tripping
Common Causes of Thermal Overload Switch Tripping or Nuisance Tripping
Thermo swtiches or OL or overload switches are not what usually fail in an electric motor. Millions of them have been in use for decades. More often the problem is elsewhere.
Therefore I wouldn't assume that the problem is the overload button or switch since the problem could equally or even more-likely be the motor itself -
Illustration: a typical AO Smith electric motor thermal overload relay switch replacement part available from the manufacturer and from electrial suppliers.
- a failed bearing or failing winding causing high current draw, overheating, tripping off
- insufficient voltage to the motor
- improper wiring to the motor (undersized)
- improper motor selection for the environment (too hot)
- improper motor selection for the application (motor is mechanically overloaded or taxed beyond its design)
- improper motor usage: motor left running much longer than the manufacturer’s duty cycle, leading to overhating, or motor being constantly or too-frequently switched on and off, such as a well pump motor short cycling (often due to a waterlogged pressure tank)
- improper motor maintenance: failure to lubricate bearings, clogging of ventilation ports with oily dust, sawdust, debris, exposure of the motor to water or leaks or flooding or corrosive environments, even mice or insects (getting into the motor)
Electric Motor Thermal Overload Diagnostic #1:
Even before looking at the motor itself a technician would confirm that the right voltage is being delivered and that the circuit wires are all properly sized for the current rating of the circuit, the motor, and the circuit breaker or fuse. Under-sized wires or low voltage can cause circuit or motor overheating and overload tripping.
Electric Motor Thermal Overload Diagnostic #2:
Inspet the motor for debris clogging the motor's air vent openings. Cleaning these and the motor may fix a thermal overload tripping problem.
Electric Motor Thermal Overload Diagnostic #3:
When the motor has cooled down you can't reset the button then the problem could be the switch itself. Try turning power off and letting the motor cool to room temperature, then see if the switch will re-set.
Electric Motor Thermal Overload Diagnostic #4:
With power off and the motor disconnected from whatever the motor drives, does the motor shaft spin easily? If not the bearings may be shot or the stator/commutator binding - the motor is shot or at the very least would need to be rebuilt.
(For a typical 1 - 1/2 hp conventional electric motor a motor repair shop can do that but compare the repair price against the cost of a new motor).
Electric Motor Thermal Overload Diagnostic #5:
Even if the motor spins easily, is there any end play or wobble if you try to wiggle the motor's output shaft side to side? If so the bearing is probably shot - same as above.
Electric Motor Thermal Overload Diagnostic #6:
An electrician or technician trained in motor repair might remove the temperature/overload sensor switch and jump its switched wires together, then connect the motor to power.
Then she might measure the current draw and confirm that the proper voltage is being delivered. If the motor runs she would then order the proper OEM repalcement sensor switch/relay.
In other words, don’t buy a repalcement switch to stick into a bad motor: you’re thowing good money after bad and you’re doing something dangerous.
External motor overload switches - OL switches do not include thermal protection
There are external overload switches that can be wired into a motor circuit.
That switch would monitor current draw (amps) and properly sized for the motor’s specifications it could turn off the motor if the current draw is excessive - as can happen with a bad bearing or motor overloading.
Use the OEM Thermal Overload Switch
Yeah, you could simply find the switch inside the motor, remove it, tie together the wires that it disconnects to turn off the motor, and the motor might “run” but it would be unsafe.
Watch out: however when the motor manufacturer put in a *thermal* overload protection device their engineers decided that the motor needed protection not just from a current overload but from overheating. If you install an external switch it will not provide that safety feature - you’re risking a motor fire, electrical short, electrical arc explosion inside the motor, or a building fire.
Basic Steps To Remove & Replace an Existing Overload Switch in a Small Electric Motor
Normally the small electric motor overload switch will look much like the replacement switch (often sold grossly over-priced) I’ll show with these comments.
Get the right OEM overload switch for your motor. On your Marathon 1 1/2 hp general purpose electric motor’s data tag there may be thermal protection switch specifications or data. Your motor includes: Thermally Protected, C0074820 051011 - those may be the OL specs but I’m not ssure - you’d need to confirm that with Marathon or with your electrial supplier.
Your motor’s OL probably looks much like the AO Smith OL switch photo I’ll attach, but of course it could differ. In other appliances and motors OL switches look quite different. For example in a dishwasher the OL may be a white plastic strip with two wires connected to it.
By removing the motor’s end-cap - the end opposite the motor’s output drive shaft you’ll see several internal parts including an overload switch that will look much like our example below.
When you have the proper thermal/overload protection switch replacement part - MATCHING the specifications set by the manufacturer for your specific motor - it will usually wire up with the same wire color codes as the existing switch.
The technician trained to do this job would locate the original switch, note its wire connections by switch terminal ID and color code, and match the new switch to the old one’s connections.
Watch out: before touching anything in the motor
- electrical power is off
- electrical wires to the motor are removed
- the motor is removed from its mount on the equipment it serves
- the motor’s end cap cover is removed (don’t think this is always trivial)
- the motor capacitor(s) will have been discharged to avoid getting a nasty shock
Watch out: even this step is very dangerous. Discharging a capacitor by shorting its terminals using an insulated screwdriver can on some occasions blow up the capacitor injuring anyone nearby.
Continuing:
- to remove and replace the overload switch you may have to remove the capacitor and you may have to remove a small
circuit board or “terminal board” in the motor to expose the wires and their connections.
Some de-soldering and soldering might be required but usually the wires connect with push-on spade connectors.
You might need to re-use some connectors to install the replacement overload switch.
- the OEM replacement switch connections are made to match those of the switch removed and the motor is re-assembled
- the motor is bench tested as we described earlier before it’s returned to use.
Sources & Reading on Thermal Overload Switches
- Marathon Electric Motors, Power Transmission Specialties, 803 Sorensen Ave. Santa Fe Springs, Ca 90670 USA Tel:
(888) 459-0115 Email: [email protected] Website: www.marathon-motors.co - Edvard, The Basics of Built-In Motor Protection for WEngineers Beginners, 15 May 2015, retrieved 2018/06/25, original source: electrical-engineering-portal.com/basics-of-built-in-motor-protection-for-beginners
- [14] Typical Deep Well Two Line Jet Pump Installation, Grove Electric, G&G Electric & Plumbing, 1900 NE 78th St., Suite 101, Vancouver WA 98665 www.grovelectric.com - web search -7/15/2010 original source: http://www.groverelectric.com/howto/38_Typical%20Jet%20Pump%20Installation.pdf
- LIMIT SWITCH TECHNICAL GUIDE [PDF] from Abzil North America https://us.azbil.comhttps://inspectapedia.com/electric/Limit-Switch-Technical-Guide-azbil.com.pdf retrieved 2018/05/09 original source http://us.azbil.com/CP-GC1003E_Vol.1_a_c/D/TEC_LIMIT_SWITCHES.pdf
- Farrell, W. H. 'Motor overload protection for domestic appliances.' Electrical Engineering 72.8 (1953): 694-696.
- Brighton, Robert J., and Prashant N. Ranade. 'Why overload relays do not always protect motors.' Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on 6 (1982): 691-697.
- Goba, F. August. 'Bibliography on thermal aging of electrical insulation.' Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on 2 (1969): 31-58.
- Herman, C. J. 'Motor insulation life as measured by accelerated tests and dielectric fatigue.' Electrical Engineering 73.1 (1954): 33-37.
- Courtin, John J. 'New NEMA Rerating of AC Motors.' Industry and General Applications, IEEE Transactions on 5 (1965): 320-324.
...
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Or see ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET FAQs - questions & answers posted originally at this article
Or see
CAPACITORS for HARD STARTING MOTORS for advice on adding or replacing a start/run capacitor for an electric motor that has trouble starting.
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Technical Reviewers & References
- [2] N. Srinivasan, MSEE, is a senior member of IEEE with 30 years experience in the electrical industry. Mr. Srinivasan is in Vienna VA.
- [3] Louis P. Babin generously contributed technical editing about the effects of doubling ampacity in an electrical circuit (September 2007)
- [4] Digisnap DSA-500 snap-around digital multimeter, A.W. Sperry Instruments Inc., 2150 Joshua's Path, Suite 202, Hauppage NY 11788, Tel: 800-645-5398, Email: [email protected], Website: www.awsperry.com
- [5] Fluke Corporation, 6920 Seaway Blvd, Everett, WA 98203, USA, PO Box 9090 Everett, Washington 98206, Tel: +1(425) 347-6100, Technical support: 1(800) 44-FLUKE (1(800) 443-5853), Website: www.fluke.com,
Fluke Europe B.V, PO Box 1186 Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 (0)40 2 675 200 +31 (0)40 2 675 222, Website: www.fluke.eu - [6] Simpson Electric, P.O. Box 99, 520 Simpson Avenue, Lac du Flambeau, WI 54538-0099 Tel: 715-588-3311, customer service: 715-588-3947, Email: [email protected], Website: www.simpsonelectric.com/
- [7] tif 300cc Tic Tracer voltage detector, Tif Instruments Inc., 9101 NW 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33150
- [8] Greenlee® GT-16 adjustable voltage detector, Greenlee Textron Inc., Website: greenlee.com, Tel: 800-435-0786 , Email: [email protected],
- [9] Jensen VOMs, no longer available
- [10] Mastech VOMs and DMMs (made in China), Shanghai Hihua V&A Instrument Company, 881 Ye Cheng Road Jia Ding District, Shanghai 201821, China, Email: [email protected], Tel: +86 21 69523164 +86 21 69523225, Website: http://www.mastech.com.cn/
- [11] Equus Multimeters by Innova, Equus Products, Inc., 17352 Von Karman Ave., Irvine, CA 92614, U.S.A., Tel: 714-241-6800, Website: http://www.equus.com/
- [12] Actron DMMs & VOMs, Website: http://www.actron.com/
- [13] ExTech DMMs & VOMs, ExTech Corp. a FLIR company, Extech Instruments Corporation, 9 Townsend West, Nashua, NH 03063, U.S.A., Email: [email protected], Tel: 877-239-8324 Option 3, Website: http://www.extech.com
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